Tawantinsuyu's Four Suyus

The Inka called their empire Tawantinsuyu, which means "The Four Regions Together". Each of the four suyus (regions) had diverse populations, environments, and resources. With its network of roads, storehouses, religious sites, and administrative stations, the Qhapaq Ñan integrated the suyus into one empire.

Select a region to learn more

  • Antisuyu
  • Chinchaysuyu
  • Contisuyu
  • Collasuyu

Antisuyu: An Exotic and Forbidding Landscape

Located in the upper Amazon, Antisuyu had a rainforest environment marked by heavy rainfall, high humidity, and lush vegetation. It offered many natural resources, especially coca, medicinal plants, gold, and exotic bird feathers. Antisuyu's rainforest diseases, and resistance by tribal peoples, made the region difficult to conquer.

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Chinchaysuyu: Innovative Engineering and Valuable Resources

Chinchaysuyu contained the empire's most important agricultural region. The territory covered much of modern-day Peru, Ecuador, and part of Colombia. The landscape featured large open valleys, deep canyons, high plateaus, coastal valleys, and deserts, giving road builders many challenges.

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Contisuyu: The Road to the Sea

Contisuyu gave the Inka important resources from the sea. Here, breathtaking vertical slopes rise from sea level to 19,000 feet (5,800 meters) in altitude. A land of dramatic peaks, volcanoes, and deep gorges, Contisuyu presented complex problems for Inka road engineers.

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Collasuyu: High Plains and Herds

Collasuyu covered southern Peru and parts of Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile. Colla means "high plain." Its extensive grassland was ideal for llama and alpaca herding. The region was also a source of salt, potatoes, gold, silver, and copper.

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Tawantinsuyu's Four Suyus

The Inka called their empire Tawantinsuyu, which means "The Four Regions Together". Each of the four suyus (regions) had diverse populations, environments, and resources. With its network of roads, storehouses, religious sites, and administrative stations, the Qhapaq Ñan integrated the suyus into one empire.

Antisuyu: An Exotic and Forbidding Landscape

Located in the upper Amazon, Antisuyu had a rainforest environment marked by heavy rainfall, high humidity, and lush vegetation. It offered many natural resources, especially coca, medicinal plants, gold, and exotic bird feathers. Antisuyu's rainforest diseases, and resistance by tribal peoples, made the region difficult to conquer.

Chinchaysuyu: Innovative Engineering and Valuable Resources

Chinchaysuyu contained the empire's most important agricultural region. The territory covered much of modern-day Peru, Ecuador, and part of Colombia. The landscape featured large open valleys, deep canyons, high plateaus, coastal valleys, and deserts, giving road builders many challenges.

Contisuyu: The Road to the Sea

Contisuyu gave the Inka important resources from the sea. Here, breathtaking vertical slopes rise from sea level to 19,000 feet (5,800 meters) in altitude. A land of dramatic peaks, volcanoes, and deep gorges, Contisuyu presented complex problems for Inka road engineers.

Collasuyu: High Plains and Herds

Collasuyu covered southern Peru and parts of Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile. Colla means "high plain." Its extensive grassland was ideal for llama and alpaca herding. The region was also a source of salt, potatoes, gold, silver, and copper.

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Waterfall on the Inambari River, upper Amazon, near Chitorongo, Peru, 2014. Photo by Doug McMains, NMAI.

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Upper Amazon, Loromayo, Peru, 2014. Photo by Doug McMains, NMAI.

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Upper Amazon, Loromayo, Peru, 2014. Photo by Doug McMains, NMAI.

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Inambari River, upper Amazon, near Chitorongo, Peru, 2014. Photo by Doug McMains, NMAI.

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A paved Inka road from Chachapoyas to Moyobamba, near Chachapoyas, Peru, 2014. Photo by Dr. Inge Schjellerup.

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Urubamba River and Mt. Putukusi, near Machu Picchu, Peru, 2011. Photo by Ramiro Matos, NMAI.

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Machu Picchu, Peru, 2008. Photo by Wayne Smith, NMAI.

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Salt evaporation ponds, in use since the Inka period, Salinas de Maras, Peru, 2012. Photo by Ramiro Matos, NMAI.

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Native and non-native animals grazing during the dry season, Chawaytiri, Peru, 2010. Photo by Kevin Cartwright, NMAI.

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Agricultural valley during the dry season, Chinchero, Cusco, Peru, 2011. Photo by Ramiro Matos, NMAI.

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Agricultural valley, Cusco Valley, Peru, 2013. Photo by Amy Van Allen, NMAI.

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The Inka site of Ingapirca Cuenca, Ecuador, 2008. Photo by Ramiro Matos, NMAI.

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A man walks a stepped portion of the Qhapaq Ñan, Pisac, Peru, 2011. Photo by Ramiro Matos, NMAI.

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Andes mountains, near Chinchero, Peru, 2014. Photo by Doug McMains, NMAI.

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Traveling the Inka road, Andahuaylas, Peru, 2010. Photo by Ramiro Matos, NMAI.

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Coastal desert near Camana, Peru, 2014. Photo by Doug McMains, NMAI.

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Pacific coast, Pueblo Nuevo, Peru, 2014. Photo by Doug McMains, NMAI.

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Pacific coast, Pueblo Nuevo, Peru, 2014. Photo by Doug McMains, NMAI.

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Seabirds near Trujillo, Peru, 2009. Photo by Ernesto Benavides del Solar.

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Colca Canyon, one of the deepest canyons in the world, Colca Canyon, Peru, 2014. Photo by Doug McMains, NMAI.

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A woman herds sheep, a non-native Andean species, Colca Canyon, Peru, 2014. Photo by Doug McMains, NMAI. 

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Atacama Desert, known for lead and copper deposits, Region III, Atacama, Chile, 2011. Photo by Ramiro Matos, NMAI.

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Alpacas, Cristo Blanco, Peru, 2014. Photo by Doug McMains, NMAI.

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Llamas graze in the highlands, Jujuy, Argentina, 2001. Photo by Axel E. Nielsen.

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Andes peaks, Marcapata, Peru, 2014. Photo by Doug McMains, NMAI.

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High-altitude grasslands (puna), Marcapata, Peru, 2014. Photo by Doug McMains, NMAI.

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Marshes on Lake Titicaca, Peru, 2014. Photo by Doug McMains, NMAI.

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